Tensile Machine? But what is tensile testing?
In materials science, the tensile test carried out using a tensile machine is a fundamental step. It is a test designed to assess the characteristics of materials, which are subjected to the application of a certain, progressively increasing uniaxial load.
In physics, solid bodies maintain their own volume and shape, but can change this condition when subjected to very intense external forces.
If these forces remain within moderate limits, the material may undergo a temporary change, termed elastic deformation. Where, on the other hand, the forces are very high, the material changes permanently (plastic deformation) until failure occurs.
Such an analysis is essential in the construction and industrial sectors, where the safety and reliability of materials depends specifically on their mechanical properties.
This is precisely why it is essential to subject materials to tensile tests. In order to be certain that no problems or even drastic failures occur during use.
The tensile test makes it possible to determine the strength responsible for breaking by evaluating the behaviour of the object under test when subjected to progressively increasing forces.
In addition to the breaking load, the tensile test is also able to provide other values (yield strength, elongation, striation, modulus of elasticity). These are commonly used by engineers to design structures, mechanical parts and installations.
How is the tensile test performed?
The tensile test is a very important characterisation of materials. It makes it possible to quantify the breaking strength of materials such as steel, polymers, ceramics, wood and many others. During this test, the test specimen is subjected to progressively increasing uniaxial loads, which are responsible for a characteristic and discriminating deformation process. The execution of the test develops through various phases, which are: Elastic deformation: which is still a reversible stage since it is sufficient to reset the load to restore the initial length of the material. This behaviour follows a law of direct proportionality called Hook’s law, increasing the loads increases the deformation, characterised by a constant E, called Young’s modulus or coefficient of elasticity plastic deformation: this is the phase following that of elasticity and is identified in irreversible (permanent) changes whereby, even when the load is reduced to zero, the material maintains its deformed appearance; breaking: which occurs at the end of the test, i.e. when the breaking load has been reached.>/li>. Thanks to the tensile test, it is also possible to obtain other important information regarding aspects useful for defining the material’s safety of use. For example, it is possible to derive the yield strength, i.e. the load above which the material under test no longer has elastic behaviour but denotes the first permanent deformation. It is also possible to derive the elongation, which corresponds to how much the test specimen stretched during the tensile test. The last data that can be extracted is the striation, which is the reduction of the specimen’s cross-section as a result of the tensile test.
What is the Tensile Machine?
The tensile test is a very important material characterisation. It makes it possible to quantify the breaking strength of materials such as steel, polymers, ceramics, wood and many others.
During this test, the test specimen is subjected to progressively increasing uniaxial loads, which are responsible for a characteristic and discriminating deformation process.
The execution of the test develops through various phases, which are:
– Elastic deformation: which is still a reversible stage since it is sufficient to reset the load to restore the initial length of the material. This behaviour follows a law of direct proportionality called Hook’s law, increasing the loads increases the deformation, characterised by a constant E, called Young’s modulus or coefficient of elasticity
– Plastic deformation: this is the phase following that of elasticity and is identified in irreversible (permanent) changes whereby, even when the load is reduced to zero, the material maintains its deformed appearance;
– Failure: which occurs at the end of the test, i.e. when the breaking load has been reached.
Thanks to the tensile test, it is also possible to obtain other important information regarding aspects useful for defining the material’s safety of use.
For example, it is possible to derive the yield strength, i.e. the load above which the material under test no longer has elastic behaviour but denotes the first permanent deformation.
It is also possible to derive the elongation, which corresponds to how much the test specimen stretched during the tensile test. The last data that can be extracted is the striation, which is the reduction of the specimen section following the tensile test.
UTM-H Series
These are universal hydraulic testing machines that can be used to perform tensile, bending and compression tests on high-strength specimens. Thanks to the double-acting hydraulic piston driven by a servo-valve, the performance achieved is characterised by a very high precision of movement. The low-noise hydraulic unit and the ergonomically high, front-opening jaw assembly contribute to significantly improved instrument handling. Jaw replacement is simplified by the frontal insertion. The electronics are prepared for different types of extensions, clip-on, break or video, with loads of 600 kN, 1000 kN or 2000 kN. All technical specifications can be found in the data sheet available on the Cermac portal
UTM-E Series
These universal testing machines are particularly suitable for medium-strength specimens that have to undergo tensile, compression, bending and folding tests. Their electromechanical operation is based on the use of recirculating ball screws, with a digitally driven brushless motor that is particularly precise in its test speed. The load cell is equipped with a special device for correcting the axiality of the test load application. Other features of the machine are the computerised ‘Testing XE’ control system, a double test space and extremely easy handling for changing accessories. Models from 50 kN up to 600 kN are available. The Testing XE control system uses a latest-generation electronic module equipped with a microprocessor with a “TCP/IP” network interface, capable of perfectly managing digital i/o and analogue signals using software and firmware developed by Cermac. All signals are acquired in real time via an ADC converter with a speed of up to 1 kHz and a resolution of up to 24 bits. The results obtained are automatically stored in a database, so that they are always traceable over time. This data can be shared over the network, allowing it to be viewed and processed on different locations according to specific accounts.
Why buy a Traction Machine?
Traction machines are confirmed as indispensable tools for obtaining data required by current regulations regarding material safety.
Currently, their purchase is facilitated by the possibility of taking advantage of the interesting state incentives that are also available for companies this year according to the National Enterprises Plan 4.0.
This plan, which provides a set of organic and complementary measures to promote investments by industries and companies, aims to optimize innovations at the design and production levels.
Cermac, a company always up to date with the times, adheres to the financing plan, thus offering customers numerous economic benefits, useful for exploiting the advantageous options available.
Following the final approval of the Budget Law 2022, the Transition 4.0 Plan has been confirmed, which allows obtaining innovative machinery, capable of significantly improving turnover.
Bureaucratic procedures to join this project have also been simplified to allow an increasing number of companies to manage bonuses effectively.
The main objective of this program is to implement the development of operational methodologies more adherent to the industrial context. All this for a dual purpose: on one hand, to enhance productivity and on the other hand, to minimize environmental impact.
Cermac and Testing Machines
Cermac manufactures equipment for industry that falls under the 4.0 plan and can therefore be purchased with considerable savings. Since 1983, this company has been dealing in industrial machinery, considered a true excellence in the sector both for the use of materials that meet high quality standards and for assembly carried out by specialised technicians. Cermac manages all the production phases of the instruments starting from design, assembly and testing. This ensures that customers receive wide-ranging assistance that does not end with the purchase. One of the company’s most advantageous features is the ability to uniquely customise any customer request, so that different requirements can be fulfilled. Constantly in step with the latest national and international reference standards and thanks to a team of high-level professionals, Cermac confirms itself as an important point of reference for those in search of products guaranteed over time. Constant technological innovation and specialised consultancy in the sector allow for design adaptations for any need, also thanks to a perfectly equipped mechanical workshop. For further information, simply fill in the contact form on the website and wait for a quick reply from the staff, to verify the various options offered.
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